THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA Essay Example For Students

THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA Essay Mainstream vs. Alternative Media; who do we believe? The Journal of Media Studies Writer Discussion of the legalization of marijuanabrings up two main issues, those who are pro- marijuana and those who are anti- marijuana. These issues have beencovered by both mainstream and alternative media, mainstream being pro, and alternative being anti. Thesetwo factions have been arguing over this issue in the halls of justice for many years. Because most of the Americansociety is mainly exposed to only mainstream media, they are not aware of other factors of legalizingmarijuana that alternative media covers. The problem caused by this lack of exposure, is that the public may be deprivedof the truth, and may be led to believe facts that are not true. Marijuana and Medicine Both pro and anti-marijuana groups have discussed whether or not marijuana can be used for medicinal purposes. Mainstream groups do notbelieve that there are any convincing reasons to make marijuana a treatment to sick patie nts. Their position is thatmarijuana can have harmful long-term effects. The Anti-Legalization Forum explains that some of these effects are:impairment of the immune system due to the inability of T-cells to battle off diseases, delaying puberty in both malesand females, and unhealthy and smaller children born to women who used marijuana during pregnancy. TheDrug Enforcement Administration believes that since marijuana is not accepted by any American healthassociations, there is no reason to legalize the drug. They think that the main reason why pro marijuana advocates use themedical use argument is because the uninformed public can be easily convinced to support the movement. Simplynot enough evidence proves that marijuana can be used medically (Claim V). Unlike the D.E.A., lobbyinggroups such as the Cannabis Action Network and the Indiana Civil Liberties Union, believe that marijuana is abeneficial herb, and not a harmful drug (ICLU). Alternative media sources, such as Marijuana A s Medicine, state thatmarijuana can be used as medicine for: nausea, appetite stimulation, relief from vomiting, reduction in spasticity,glaucoma, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, asthma, multiple sclerosis, stimulation of the immune system, Aids patient andcancer patients. For victims with AIDS, cancer and multiple sclerosis, smoking marijuana is believed to helpreduce emesis, suppress vomiting, and stimulate the appetite. People with multiple sclerosis are convinced thatsmoking marijuana also reduces the intensity of their spasms. Marijuana As Medicine, a Cannabis ActionNetwork pamphlet, states that, Two highly qualified and experienced ophthalmologists have accepted marijuana ashaving a medical use in treatment of glaucoma. When taken, parts of cannabis lower intraocular pressure in theeye. There are rumors that marijuana suppresses the immune system. Marijuana Myths dismisses this belief becausethe myth was based on studies where the experimental animals were given near-lethal-dos es of cannabinoids, andthese results have never been repeated on humans. In fact, two studies displayed that the immune system mayactually have been stimulated by the use of hashish and marijuana. On the other hand, a separate alternative sourcestated that marijuana (Delta-nine-THC) does possess an immunosuppressive effect. Marijuana shuts off somecells in the liver, instead of stimulating them. The effect is only temporary and goes away rapidly. According toMarijuana As Medicine, Approximately 30% of all prescription drugs can be replaced by THC, so pro- marijuanagroups lead to believe that one of the reasons why the drug is not legalized is because it would take the profitaway from currently used drugs. These groups suppose that since no one has ever died from marijuana use, it mustbe safe. We can already see the different myths that people read and get confused about. The one thing that pro-marijuana groups agree upon is that Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest t herapeutically activesubstances known to man (Marijuana As Medicine). Marijuana and Crime Another issue considered by the massmedia is whether marijuana has an effect on crime or not. As written in the Anti-Legalization Forum, the D.E.A. We will write a custom essay on THE PROS AND CONS ABOUT LEGALIZING MARIJUANA specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now believes that drug use contributes to crime and violence. Many police officers say that criminal activity is notcaused by dealers, but by those that are under the influence of the drug. A study showed that among males (18-49years old) those who used cannabis were ten times more likely to commit violent acts than non-users. Anti marijuanagroups look to the example of gangs, after the repeal of Prohibition, gangster activity had not decreased. Experts are positive that legalizing marijuana would only add to the burden of criminal, health and social services. There is no denying the fact that drug use changes behavior and exacerbates criminal activity (Claim I). Hempfor Food claims that marijuana supporters believe that the only criminal activity caused by marijuana is donebecause of the illegal status of the drug, and not because of any influence that the drug may have on users. They thinkthat legalization would eliminate black market activity. In Holland, marijuana is legal and so far, the Dutch crimerate has declined and not increased as one would anticipate (87). Supporters of the legalization of marijuana say thatthe United States government can profit from legalizing marijuana because they can tax the drug. A studydone by Vera Rubin, of the Coptic study, found no links of cannabis to criminal behavior. She said that smokers andnon-smokers had identical extroversion scores and work records. There was no proof found that marijuana impairsmotor skills, so she believes that large doses of marijuana cut short ones motivation to work (86) . Marijuanaand Behavior Behavior is altered by using marijuana. The Medical Post states that marijuana has always beendepicted as producing a lethargic, mellow, laid-back effect rather than acting as a stimulant. A study was done onyoung, male marijuana users to show any signs of stimulation. These participants engaged in antisocial behavior. .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 , .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .postImageUrl , .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 , .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:hover , .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:visited , .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:active { border:0!important; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:active , .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97 .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49a0ba62f0ac56cd1b6100dd4a6d1d97:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Walk A Mile With A Disability EssayThe doctors concluded that these drugs could possibly disturb social interactions. Anti- marijuana groups feel thatlegalizing drugs encouraged non-users that drugs are acceptable (Anti-Legalization Forum Claim III). Hemp for Food, an alternative source printed that subjects in a Jamaican study described marijuana as havingthe effect of making them smarter, more energetic, happy, and more conscious. They believe that the drug producedan overall sense of well-being and self-defense. The subjects used it as a work motivator (86). Theimplication for legalization is that the drug has different effects on different groups of people, so we are not able to predictoutcomes for individuals (Now Research). Marijuana and the Brain Mainstream media believes that marijuanaproduces flat brainwaves. Marijuana Myths asserts that the Partnership for a Drug-Free America ran an ad thattried to display this belief. A few years ago they made a commercial that first showed a normal brainwave, then theyshowed a second brainwave that supposedly belonged to a 14-year-old marijuana user. It was a flatbrainwave that tried to show that the brainwaves or a drug user is the same as a comatose human being. ABC got the groupto admit to lying, yet they still ran the ad. Marijuana Myths wrote about a study that was done to show thatmarijuana causes damage to the brain. The study was thrown out because of its insufficient experiment. There weretoo many criticisms, particularly because the study was done on only four monkeys. Real studies on humans donot show any damage to the brain. In actuality, smoking marijuana has the effect to increase alpha wave activity bya small amount. Alpha waves are related to relaxation, which can be associate with human productivity. Expertsare unsure if marijuana affects short-term memory, but they think that any effect disappears when the person is nolonger under the influence, similar to the immune system effect. According to Hemp for Food, a studydone in 1981 showed that the subjects tested actually believed that smoking potent marijuana 16 times a day hadimproved their minds over a time period of 10 years. Their brains have been tested, and the results showed that therewas no difference between their brains and one of a non-smoker. There is also no proof of an increase in IQ bysmoking marijuana. Another study said that there was no impairment of physiological, sensory and perceptual-motorperformance, tests of concept information, abstracting ability or cognitive style and tests or memory. The studystates that heavy and prolonged use of ganja does not damage one socially or psychologically (86). Marijuanaand the Reproductive System There are many claims that say that marijuana causes damage to the reproductivesystem. The D.E.A. states that smoking marijuana can make young children go through puberty much later thannormal children. They also state that the drug can cause difficulties in babies born to mothers who smoked duringpregnancy. From this source, Peter Fried, Ph.D., found that Marijuana use during pregnancy has harmfuleffects on childrens intellectual abilities a decade or more after they are born. The harm done by drugs is real andlong-lasting. Dr. Drew from the TV program Loveline, had said that marijuana can cause birth defects if either the male orfemale used it, even if it was used four months prior to conception. He also believes that smoking marijuana canlower ones sex drive, and that it does not help if the man has an impotency problem. Marijuana use may lower thesperm count in males, but not to the point to be used as birth control. Marijuana Myths responds to the belief thatmarijuana causes developmental problems in children, by claiming that it was a false rumor created by antimarijuana groups in order to steer people away from drug use. They state the studies done on this subject to befaulty or misread. However, they do admit that there may be some effects to childhood development, but they say thatthey are not drastic and are rare. They say that marijuana does not make men impotent or sterile and that forsome, it enhances their sex lives. Feelings and emotions become more colorful to them. Bill Drake, author o fMarijuana: An Herb for the Aging, states that marijuana may actually arouse an interest in sexuality in the elderly. .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 , .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .postImageUrl , .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 , .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:hover , .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:visited , .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:active { border:0!important; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:active , .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6 .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa89660a2caf64ddef7b641b8a1c36e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayJamaican studies, from Hemp for Food, have displayed that mothers who use marijuana believe that theirchildren are healthier. The experiment that was done that claimed that marijuana is harmful to the reproductive systemwas rejected by the scientific community because the controlled animals were given near-lethal doses. Onceoff of the drug, the animals returned to normal. When done on actual human beings, experiments have not showndamage to the reproductive system. Not all mainstream claims are false, and not all alternative claims are true, butpeople would rather get their news from the television than from a piece of paper that they found in their mailbox . Themajority of the population gets its information from mainstream media sources because they believe that it is morecredible than alternative media sources. Evidence shows how the public is provided with contradictory facts, soone can see that it can be a difficult in choosing the which source to believe. The news has to make stories short, dueto limited time, but alternative media sources have plenty of time to gather hidden or unbroadcastedinformation. In contrast to TV news, documentaries done on this topic are able to spend unlimited hours researchingsince they rarely have deadlines. People should be presented with facts only if they are in complete detail andhave been thoroughly investigated. Alternative media seem to have this ability, yet are sometimes doubted fortheir information because people usually believe things that are said on either TV, radio, or other sources ofmainstream media. There is not much that can be done to fix this problem. Alternative media groups are constrained in themedium of their production. They have small budgets and are unable to spend the same amount of moneythat mainstream media sources spend. Since they dont have expensive equipment to work with, they are forcedto make the best out of what they have. Because their projects may appear unprofessional, people assume thatwhat they have to say cannot be trusted. What people can do is try to educate others of this issue and attempt toget people to change their attitudes toward alternative media. What might be effective is if these alternativegroups put their effort into creating a video or display that exhibited why alternative media is restricted, and whypeople should start looking at their claims from a different perspective. People would be better off if they are faced withboth sides and come to a reasonable conclusion derived from both sources. Since the topic being discussed is onthe legalization of marijuana, we need to use this information in creating a solution for t his dilemma. Because marijuanais illegal, there are few mainstream groups that will go against the law and promote the legalization process. Perhaps groups like C.A.N. can create a video or anything as effective to reach out to the public and make them awareof what they are missing out on. The pamphlets that are already being distributed by these groups are a small step,yet people are still hesitant in believing any information printed on them. However, people might change theirminds if the information written on these pamphlets informed them of reasons to credit them. Alternative mediagroups are getting this idea across slowly. It is only a matter of time until people start taking their claims into account. Works Cited Cannabis Action Network. Cannabis Action Network Strategy and Objectives. New Orleans. . Lies Lies Lies. Berkeley, Lexington, New Orleans. . Marijuana As Medicine. New Orleans. . Restriction Lifted on Growing Hemp. New Orleans: 1993. . This is What The Government Says About Marijuana. Berkeley, Lexington, New Orleans. Cronin, Russell. High Hopes for the First Legal Cannabis Crop. TheIndependent 12 July 1993: 6. Drake, Bill. Marijuana: An Herb for the Aging. 1986. Online. Netscape. 10 Feb 1997. Florida Legalization Organization. Hemp for Food, Fuel, Fiber Medicine, The Economy and theEnvironment. Lacrosse, Florida: 1989: 1-3, 5-8, 15, 80, 86-89. Gettman, John. Marijuana the Brain. High TimesMarch 1995: 33-36. Hager, Paul. Marijuana Myths. Indiana Civil Liberties Union Drug Task Force. Online. Netscape 9 Feb 1997. Hilts, Philip J. Relative Addictiveness of Drugs. New York Times 2 Aug 1994, sec. 3:3+. Now Research Indicates Marijuana is a Stimulant. Medical Post 15 Oct. 1991. Loveline. Prod. David Sittenfeld. With Dr. Drew, Adam Carolla, and Kris McGaha. MTV. 25 Feb. 1997. Rotstein, Arthur H. Pot Studies CalledLikely Key to Brains Secrets. Arizona Daily Star 12 Nov 1995: C12+. United States. Drug EnforcementAgency. Anti-Legalization Forum. FBI/D.E.A. Training Academy: GPO, 1994.

50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products

50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products 50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products 50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products By Mark Nichol Expressions that figuratively to livestock and other animals and animal products abound in English idiom. Here are many such morsels. 1–2. To â€Å"bring home the bacon† is to earn money at a job, but to â€Å"save (someone’s) bacon† is to help or rescue someone when they are in trouble or risking failure. 3–5. To â€Å"beef about (someone)† is to complain or criticize, but â€Å"have a beef† with someone is to hold a grudge, while to â€Å"beef up† something is to strengthen it. 6. â€Å"Where’s the beef?† is a challenge or claim indicating that an idea is without sufficient substance. 7–8. A â€Å"chicken† is a fearful person, and to â€Å"chicken out† is to opt, out of fear, not to do something. 9. A â€Å"chicken-and-egg argument† is a circuitous one. 10–12. â€Å"Chicken feed† is an insubstantial amount of money, and â€Å"chicken scratch† is illegible writing, while to â€Å"play chicken† is to engage in a standoff to determine who will back down first. 13. To say that â€Å"the chickens have come home to roost† means that consequences are imminent. 14. The exhortation â€Å"Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched† cautions one not to act as if a hoped-for outcome has already occurred. 15. One who is â€Å"no spring chicken† is not young anymore. 16. To â€Å"run around like a headless chicken† (or â€Å"like a chicken with its head cut off†) is to panic or worry aimlessly. 17–19. To have â€Å"bigger fish to fry† is to have more important things to do, but a â€Å"fine kettle of fish† is an unfortunate situation, while â€Å"a different kettle of fish† suggests something is unrelated to the topic 20–21. To â€Å"make hamburger† or â€Å"make mincemeat† of someone or something is to defeat or destroy the person or the thing. 22. To be a â€Å"meat-and-potatoes† person is to like simple things. 23. A â€Å"meat market† is a venue people frequent to seek sex partners. 24. Something that is â€Å"meat and drink† to someone is a skill or pastime that they enjoy and that is very easy for them. 25. One who is â€Å"dead meat† is a target for harm or punishment. 26. To say that â€Å"one man’s meat is another man’s poison† is to say that what one person may like, another may dislike. 27. The â€Å"meat of the matter† is the essence of an issue or problem. 28. Something that is â€Å"pork barrel† is a government spending project cynically designed to garner support. 29. To â€Å"pork out† is to eat too much. 30. To stop â€Å"cold turkey† is to do so abruptly. 31. To â€Å"butter (someone) up† is to flatter that person. 32. To say that â€Å"butter wouldn’t melt in (one’s) mouth† is to imply that they are feigning innocence by looking calm and cool. 33. To â€Å"cheese (someone) off† is to anger or disgust someone. 34. A â€Å"big cheese† is a leader or somewhat important (sometimes jocularly rendered in French: le grande fromage). 35. To â€Å"cut the cheese† is vulgar slang meaning â€Å"produce flatulence.† 36. â€Å"Say, ‘Cheese!’† is an exhortation to smile for a photograph. 37–38. The â€Å"cream of the crop† is the best in its class; the â€Å"crà ¨me de la crà ¨me† is the best of the best. 39–40. A â€Å"good egg† is a good person, and a â€Å"bad egg† is a bad person. 41–45. To â€Å"put all (one’s) eggs in one basket† is to risk everything at once, but to â€Å"lay an egg† is to perform poorly, and to have â€Å"egg on (one’s) face† is to be left embarrassed or humiliated, while to â€Å"egg (someone) on† is to goad someone to something that is generally ill advised. A â€Å"nest egg† is a savings fund. 46. To say that one â€Å"can’t make an omelette without breaking some (or the) eggs† means that nothing can be accomplished without some difficulty. 47. To â€Å"cry over spilled milk† is to dwell over something that cannot be undone. 48. To be â€Å"full of the milk of human kindness† is to generously display kindness and/or sympathy. 49–50. To â€Å"milk (someone) for (something)† is to pressure the person, but to â€Å"milk (something) for all it’s worth† is to exploit something to the greatest extent possible. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksPreposition Review #1: Chance of vs. Chance for

Chemical Engineering Dissertaion. Designing a venturi scrubber Essay

Chemical Engineering Dissertaion. Designing a venturi scrubber - Essay Example This happens in the bottleneck of the venturi. Behind this bottleneck, the pressure drops, reducing flow velocity back to normal. At this point, contaminant particles are collected and removed. A venture scrubber is the simplest but most compact but efficient wet dust collector. It collection efficiency is rated from 0.2 Â µ particles when high linear gas velocities ranging 50 to 150m/s reach the throat as the gas is contacted with water. Therefore, collection efficiency of a venture scrubber depends on the pressure drop experienced during the operation. The scrubber is made of a long tube with consecutive converging and diverging sections with steep rising velocity in the convergent section. This enables the scrubbing liquor to get in contact with the throat and convert the kinetic energy into pressure in the downstream divergent diffuser. When gas flow is a variable, it is necessary to adapt the cross-section of the throat to maintain constant velocity as well as collection efficiency. In a simple tubular design, the throat is made of rubber and pinched pneumatically. Other types consider mechanical control to adapt the cross-sectional area. Amount of water injected is also varied. As water moves in the closed circuit, a settling basin is incorporated that separates the collected dust as slurry. The high velocity of the gas makes it important to consider erosion and abrasion factors as well as corrosion due to the absorption of acid gas compounds. Water treatment of the collected water pose considerable costs to venture dust collectors. The water droplets coalesce to a size of 0.1mm and are separated by centrifugal forces (conventional cyclones), lamellae separator, sick-sack flow, inertial forces and wetted collecting surfaces, or wire or fibre gauge packages. The droplets from venturi scrubbers require entrainment. Therefore droplet separators are required. A two step arrangement is preferred with a first contact using recycled water while the

REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS - Essay Example The attorney may in that case be included in the verification of the agreements. Once the seller signs the contract, he/she is bound by it. Because most of the signed contracts cannot be cancelled, the seller or the purchaser should never sign it unless he/she has shopped around for un-doubtful bargain and had enough time to think over it. When making a real estate sale, all siblings of the seller must have agreed with the specific amount of money that the buyer is willing to give otherwise the seller cannot sign the contract. However, a contract should be entered into to function as a binding agreement that contains clearly written escape clauses that are outlined in its text. Therefore, the buyer and the seller should enter into the transaction in full agreement with the listed terms as well as with provisional clauses that allow either the seller or the buyer to break the contract. Before the transaction has closed, the seller, just like the buyer, holds the right to cancel the co ntract through some procedures (Korngold and Goldstein 56). Dr. Jones should talk to her agent and explain why he wants to get out of the contract. He should discuss the matter with the broker about whether he is not happy with the provisions of the buyer. Although escape clauses are mostly built for the buyer, sellers can as well have their own exit opportunities. An estate sale requires total agreements from the rest of the family members. If the seller’s siblings disagree over the price of the sale, the contract may have provisions that allow for its cancellation. Therefore, if the buyer is not willing to break the contract, Dr. Jones can file a case in the court that the rest of his family members have disagreed with the sale price of the land and call for its cancellation. Dr. Jones does not have any right to cancel the contract after the close of the transaction unless he engages in a discussion with the brokers, which can only allow for the change after agreements with the broker and the purchaser. Question2: After the option, period and the buyer feels like terminating the agreement and get back their deposit or the earnest money, the title company asks the both the seller and the buyer to sign a release form of their earnest money. Both parties must sign the release form that points out to whom the earnest money should go and the specific amounts before the company disburses them (Korngold 97). If the seller or the buyer cancels a valid agreement on a contract without legal justification, the person who makes the cancellation may be liable for some damages by the other person. The buyer will run the risk of losing the deposit that was placed on the estate at the time of signing of the purchase offer. Either of the two parties may be held responsible for the broker’s commission. In the same way, if the buyer decides to terminate the contract after the signing, he /she hold the risk of losing his/her earnest money. Abby can decide to notif y to Dr. Jones that she wants to terminate the contract and the seller can give her earnest money back. However, this is only applicable during the option period, the due inspection and diligence period. It becomes trickier when the option period passes. According to the agreement that had been signed by the three parties, Abby did not provide any condition for the purchase of the estate. Before a signature is laid on the contract agreement, the two

Business Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Business Ethics - Coursework Example 1.2.4 Importance of business ethics and morality in the working environment 12 1.3 Problem of Statement 14 1.4 Purpose of the study 14 1.5 Significance of the study 15 1.6 Scope and limitations 15 1.7 Definition of terms 15 1.8 Summary 17 Chapter two 18 Literature review 18 2.1 introduction 18 2.2 history of the research 18 2.3 Review of business Ethics 19 2.4 Business ethics and profitability 24 2.5 Summary 26 Chapter three 27 Research methodology 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Research methods applied 27 3.2.1 Quantitative research methodology 27 3.2.2 Qualitative research methodology 28 3.2.3 Justification for using the quantitative and qualitative research methodology 28 3.3 Techniques of data collection 28 3.3.1 Primary data collection protocols 29 3.3.3 Selected data collection protocols 30 3.4 Theoretical Framework 30 3.4.1 Variables used in the study 30 3.4.2 Rationale for selecting and using the variables selected 32 3.5 Research subjects 32 3.5.1 Research data parameters 32 3.6 Designing the questionnaire 34 3.6.1 Description of the questionnaire used 34 3.6.2 Categories of the question used 35 3.6.3 Sources of information 36 3.7 Conducting interviews 36 The Research Questionnaire 36 The interview questions 40 Questions to the employees 40 Question to the management 41 3.8.1 Collecting information from previous works 42 3.8.2 Company reports 42 3.8.3 Study of governmental guideline and policies 42 3.9 Summary 42 Chapter four 43 Results and Discussions 43 4.1 Results from the questionnaire 43 4.1.1 Size of the firm 43 4.1.2 Management levels/organizational structure 44 Figure 4.1: hierarchical organization structure 44 Figure 4.2: hierarchical organization structure 45 4.1.3 Code of ethics 46 4.1.4 Updating of...Previous study shows that morality and business ethics is not only an important and compulsory part of business success, but also a methods of fostering cooperation and honesty among its workforce as well as encouraging candor towards the societal and philosophical issues about the business responsibility in contributing to the community welfare and Environmental preservation. The researcher in this paper studies the morality of business ethics in a profitable organization. The researcher investigative edge is to determine the effects of morality to the triumph of any organization, determine any incentives given to augment morality in the business environ as well as examine whether ethical issues are mandatory and obligatory for the success and operation of any corporation. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied to carefully study the business milieu with the view of drawing a conclusive result on the issue. The researcher also formulated questionnaires and relied on first hand information to investigate the complex aspect of morality in business from a multidimensional view. The term business ethics can be defined as accepted or prescribed code of conduct in the business atmosphere. Ethical principles govern the operations of the business environment and incorporate all aspects of the industry conduct, conduct of individuals and organizations as a whole.

Poverty Effects On Student Performance

Poverty Effects On Student Performance America is a country founded on the idea of acceptance; a relatively new country, only 230 years old, but in a short time has risen to become the most powerful empire that the world has ever known. Labeled as a melting pot, America was created by the blending together of many cultures. From the beginning of immigration in New Orleans to the famous port of Ellis Island, America has been an ever expanding pot of culture brewing to the top. Inscribed on the Statue of Liberty are the words Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door. This message of acceptance is the backbone of American ideals. Its ever growing population expands each day with different peoples from different backgrounds. Immigrant culture is adopted and implemented at all levels. Why the need to understand culture and does it really make a difference in the classroom? In order to be an effective educator, you must understand where your students are coming from. If your students do not feel that they can relate to you, they will not trust you. If they do not trust you they will not learn from you. It is essential to gain an understanding of their beliefs, traditions, heritage, and overall way of life before you can really start to make a difference. I have chosen to look at how poverty affects education. I will look at how generational poverty affects the importance of education. The family values that are instilled regarding education, and the behaviors that accompany poverty. I have undergone a change in my own beliefs after having my eyes opened to the devastating affects that poverty has on the importance of education. I hope to paint a better picture to the culturally unaware. Why do high poverty urban areas have such problems with schooling outcomes? This was a question that I went into my current job wondering. Again, how can poverty affect the outcomes of student performance? I used to think that the only thing that someone needed to do would be to try hard and pay attention and their academic performance would fall into place. Blind assumptions from an inexperienced educator. My ideas were so far from the truth that I was almost walking into this situation blind. Urban Poverty and Educational Outcome is research focused on the relocation of families from high poverty neighborhoods to low poverty areas and the outcomes of their childrens academics. The achievement gap is commonly defined as the difference between the academic performance of poor students and wealthier students and between minority students and their non-minority peers. The achievement gap is a perennial topic in U. S. educational policy and research. The gap has persisted through a variety of policies intended to close it, but Americans show no signs of abandoning the effort to do so. A substantial majority of Americans believe that closing the gap is both important and possible. Results of the Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Publics Attitudes Toward the Public Schools (Rose Gallup, 2006) show that fully 88% of the public view the African-American/European-American and Hispanic/European-American gap as either very important (67%) or somewhat important (21%). Eighty-one percent replied yes to the question, Do you believe that the achievement gap can be narrowed substantially while maintaining high standards for all children? (McCall 2006) Why do students quit school? There are a number of factors involved. Poor academic performance, lack of interest, economic reasons, health, and lack of family support are just to name a few. All of these can be tied back to one common factor, poverty. Poverty is responsible for the majority of high school dropouts in the United States. Povertys grip can influence the very factors that can over come it. The main factor being education itself. Only through a quality education can one overcome the bounds of poverty. (Patterson) High school dropouts are more likely to be unemployed. They will earn less money when and if employed. Their rate of incarceration is higher than those with diplomas. They have a greater chance of being on public assistance than a graduate. On the other hand a high school graduate is more likely to have job security, earn more money than those with no diploma or even a GED. (Patterson) Underprivileged children living in poverty are unaware of this fact. Even if they have heard this before, it is up to them to believe it and overcome, or disregard and succomb. (Patterson) High dropout and low graduation rates have unfortunately become standard in many urban high schools. Programs have been put into place to prevent this, but poor and minority students continue to leave schools in relatively high numbers. For many youth, dropping out represents the final chapter of dis involvement that has been going on since elementary school. (Patterson) Between 1970 and 1990, the number of people in the United States living in high-poverty census tracts (with poverty rates of 40 percent or more) nearly doubled, from 4.1 to 8.0 million. Children who live in poor urban neighborhoods are disproportionately likely to be members of racial and ethnic minority groups and are also at greater risk for school failure. For example, only 11 percent of fourth graders attending high-poverty schools in Washington, D.C., scored at or above basic level on the governments National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math test, far lower than the national average of 62 percent. Dropout rates in Washington remain on the order of 30 to 40 percent, many times higher than the national average. (Ludwig) Sociologists believe that the prevalence within neighborhoods of social problems such as a high percent of joblessness and and poverty affect the chances of educational success of its residents. The theory was that policies that reduce the degree of economic residential segregation would improve the educational outcomes of the youth. (Ludwig) The study was composed of low income families living in public or section-8 project housing in Maryland. Families volunteered for this survey and were split up into three groups. The first was an experimental group which was relocated to a low poverty area with assistance and counseling programs. The second was offered relocation, but it was not mandatory. They were not offered any other benefits. This group was called the section-8 group. The third was a control group which did not relocate and was offered no assistance. (Ludwig) Their study measures childrens educational outcomes using data from administrative school records in Maryland. Outcomes measured include student performance on standardized academic tests, school absences, disciplinary actions, special education placements, grade retentions, and dropout rates. They were hoping to prove that when placed into a different environment that economically deprived children would excel in school. The idea behind the study was to prove that it is not the students, but rather the environment of poverty that causes educational failure. The study was composed over six years. The students were both elementary and middle school students. (Ludwig) The control group children on average score near the fortieth percentile in the national distribution on the reading and math tests at age six, but by age 13 the average score is only at about the twentieth percentile. We also see that the proportion of students who receive special education services increases steadily over time. Grade retentions, school absences, and disciplinary problems all peak in the early or mid-teen years. The subsequent decline is presumably due to the increase in dropout rates at older ages. This is in correlation with low income students. The same cycle that has repeated itself time and again is shown in the control group that was offered no assistance. (Ludwig) The experimental and Section 8 groups show a significant rate of improvement. These groups seem to slow the rate of relative decline in student test scores as they age, at least for younger children, but it also appears to increase the rate of grade retention among adolescents. Compared with young children in the control group, those assigned to the experimental group experience substantial gains in academic achievement as measured by standardized test scores. Experimental group children are nearly 18 percentage points more likely than controls to pass the state reading test, which means that the experimental pass rate on this test is nearly double that of the control group. The reading and math scores of experimental children are about 7 percent points higher than those of the control group. This is equal to around 29 and 26 percent of the control group means on these tests. (Ludwig) Assignment to the Section 8 group appears to improve young students reading scores by about 6 percentage points relative to controls. Although the difference across groups in math scores is relatively small but it is a positive improvement. The Section 8 group also appears to pass the state reading test at a rate that is around 6 percentage points higher than that of controls. (Ludwig) The data for younger children in elementary schools has a higher percentage increase than middle school or high school children. This could be because the longer that a child lives in high poverty neighborhood, the more the lifestyle consumes them. This will cause education to be pushed further back on their priority list thus increasing the chance of failure in school. One conclusion that can be made is that the younger a child living in an risk section, the more likely it is that educational importance is instilled into their values. The more that they are exposed to the elements of poverty, the more likely it is that they will lose their value of education. (Ludwig) The findings presented in this study seem to suggest that the offer to relocate families in public housing from high to low poverty neighborhoods improves standardized achievement test scores among young children. While they have subjected their findings to a variety of sensitivity tests, there remains the possibility that the program effects may be due in part to problems of the missing data that they have not thought of. The effects of the program on teens are more difficult to determine because their measures of in school problem behavior confound changes in the behaviors of teens with differences across schools in standards and because the measures of academic achievement available for teens are quite limited in the Maryland education data. (Ludwig) Article two, Fixing Urban Schools takes a look into the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) that was passed to help ramp up education in America. This article investigates if NCLB has helped minority students. Most middle class families with children have moved out of the urban environments and into the suburbs. This leaves todays urban schools overwhelmingly populated by low income African American and Hispanic students. These schools are not making the grade, even with falling standards of the rest of the country. According to Bob Wise, president of the Alliance for Excellent Education, 71 percent of eighth graders are not reading at grade level. This number shoots up to between 80 and 90 percent for students of color. He goes on to tell us that of the approximately 15,000 high schools in the United States there are 2,000 of them, mostly in cities, account for half of the nations school dropouts. To me this was a shocking statistic that I could not believe. (Clemmitt) This was the reason for the creation of NCLB under the Bush administration. The focus was to have states report achievement scores for all student groups. This ensured that lagging scores of low income and minority students wont be masked by having only state or district overall average scores reported. NCLB is requiring states to take accountability for academic performance from all student groups, not just the affluent students. (Clemmitt) Has forcing schools to take responsibility by unmasking their data improved the achievement of low income and minority students? There are two sides to this argument. Former President Bush said in 2007 that NCLB has done more than just improve data gathering, even arguing that the law itself has pushed achievement upward. Fourth graders are reading better. Theyve made more progress in five years than in the previous 28 years combined, he said on March 2. The other side to this argument is that NCLB hasnt had the desired effect once hoped. Of the non-achieving schools in New York state, for example, 90 percent are in cities and 80 percent in the states five biggest cities, says David Hursh, an associate professor of teaching and curriculum at the University of Rochesters Margaret Warner Graduate School of Education. (Clemmitt) The gap between average reading scores of African American and white fourth graders narrowed by only one point on the 500-point National Assessment of Educational Progress test (NAEP) between 2002 and 2005. Also this narrowing appears to be part of a normal long term trend and can not be attributed to NCLB. Between 1998 and 2005 the reading score gap narrowed by three points. However the reading score gap between African American and white students actually widened from 25 to 28 points between 2002 and 2005. This side of the coin suggests the impact of NCLB is not as successful as it was hoped. (Clemmitt) Has NCLB helped students in urban schools? NCLB was intended to improve overall academic achievement and raise achievement for minority and low income students mainly by requiring more student testing, forcing schools to report data separately for student groups including economically disadvantaged and minority students, and by employing better quality teachers to help bridge the gap. NCLB has seen improvement in student performance. Student scores, while still far from on grade level have showed improvement. The law has benefited urban schools by raising reading scores for African American and Hispanic fourth and eighth graders and math scores for African American and Hispanic fourth graders. Achievement gaps in reading and math between white fourth-graders and African-American and Hispanic fourth-graders also have diminished slightly since NCLB. The Bush administration may have been over ambitious with their original expectations, but gains are measured on all levels and any positi ve improvement is a good thing. Fig. 2 (Clemmitt) The laws pronouncement that 100 percent of U.S. students will test at the proficient level is simply unrealistic. That is an opinion, but I will call it a fact. The funding and resources are just not there to achieve that result. When it comes to underprivileged student resources, the biggest one is sometimes the most overlooked, the teacher. The cornerstone of any gain in student achievement comes from an effective teacher. Teachers are the most under appreciated, yet most element to student performance. (Clemmitt) The theory seems simple enough. Get effective teachers into economically disadvantaged urban schools and the scores will take care of themselves right? Wrong, and nothing could be further from the truth. When NCLB first came about city school districts, including Pittsburgh Public, revamped their lowest achieving schools. They brought in effective teachers and increased the resources available to them and most importantly, a larger paycheck for working in these schools. Well, in the beginning, this seemed like a win win. Schools got to have the best teachers, and the teachers were getting better resources and better pay. There was one thing that wasnt taken into consideration on a great of scale as it should have been, culture. (Clemmitt) Teachers left their jobs in schools that they knew inside and out to come into this new environment and shake the dust off of the failing scores. The problem is that by the end of the first year almost half will leave. By the second almost 70 percent and after four or five years, you would be lucky to find two or three teachers still around. The turnover of teachers is so high that any sense of normal routine is hard to get established. When students finally open up and form a relationship with a teacher, the next year that person has gone on and the children are left scratching their heads. Was it me? Did I cause them to leave or did they abandon me? The work in these schools is trying to say the least, and it is very difficult, even with an extra 7 or 10 thousand dollars a year to keep effective teachers in these situations. It is a difficult scenario and most do not want to put up with the culture that comes along with it. Teachers simply get burnt out. The attached graph shows th at as minority students increase, the number of effective teachers decreases to the point where when either one is near 100 percent the other is near zero. Fig 2 (Clemmitt) Differences in the academic performance of children appear early. The National Assessment of Educational Progress reported that students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and many children of color consistently achieve below the national average in mathematics and language skills. This number increases as students become older in the upper grades. The longer these at risk children stay in school, the greater the gap between their educational performance and that of white and middle class students. Gradually the chances for academic success diminish for poor and minority students as they continue on their academic careers. Early childhood is a critical time for intervention in the education of at risk children if different outcomes are to occur. (Bowman) What is is that causes at risk children to do poorly in school? The answer is not that there is something wrong with their genes or families, but rather the deprivations they inherit from living in poverty. The explanation for the gap in academic performance can also be attributed to the life experiences between middle class students and low income students. The culture in which a risk children live does not promote the attention to education that is seen in the middle class. The beliefs and attitudes seen in poverty are also not in parallel with the middle class. The problem is that we are trying to teach all children in the same way. This simply will not work. In order to educate at risk minority students, we must first understand their culture and interests before education can take shape. If their traditional practices are not taken into account schools will limit their ability to educate these children. (Bowman) One model of development of this article talks about is to incorporate a full understanding of the role that culture plays in a students ability including a capacity to learn, categorize objects, develop interpersonal relationships and to learn a language. These characteristics of culture will be used to help maximize learning in the classroom. It is almost impossible to teach a child without a full understanding of the culture that they come from. Learning styles, interest, social behavior are all things vital to the educational process without which we could not fully be effective educators. (Bowman) One final piece of the puzzle is not only learning about the culture of those you are teaching, but unlearning some of what you have already learned. We have all had bad experiences in the classroom that cause us to categorize certain students. Teachers must unlearn what they have experienced in the past so that they can fully take in what is in front of them. How teachers have been taught to view the cultures of students is similar to how students have been taught to view the culture of their teachers. Both student and teacher must remain on the same page and keep their minds open to change to be considered truly effective. The academic achievement of a culturally diverse student depends on an understanding and acceptance of their beliefs and traditions. Without this the learning gap in the classroom will not be bridged. (Bowman) I work in one of the worst schools in Pittsburgh. I classify it as being one of the worst by our notably low PSSA scores and constant behavior problems. We are located in the largest project section on the north side of the city. The school is directly in the middle of the community and most of our students are not bussed in from the surrounding area. My first day on the job, I was in shock at what I saw. Fights were as common as high fives, the language was worse than I have heard living in my fraternity house in college, and the lack of interest from the staff was unbelievable. After a fight which resulted in a broken nose, I witnessed a second grade student screaming at two city police officers that he was going to bring in a gun and shoot his classmates the following day. I was in utter disbelief hearing that someone so young and small could even think, let alone say this to police officials. During transition is when 80% of the problems occur. The problem is that when the children are walking in a line, the teacher can only be half the distance of the line away from any one student at a time. So when left with a few feet of space to act up, our kids do. In my room during a prep I would hear a fight happening in the hallway and rush out to offer assistance to the teacher to gain control, but I was always the only one who would come out to help. My chivalry seems to be the result of the teachers mentality is much like that of this mismannered students. This was hard for me to take in at first, but after working there for a year I can now see how tiring of a job teaching in an underprivileged environment really is. In order to make it back year after year you have to have a love of teaching and a true passion to inspire where others would pack up and quit. This is what separates those who have been there for long periods of time from those who are just bumps in the road. It is a tiring job to be an educator in a low socioeconomic school. We make the assumptions as teachers that our jobs are so difficult and the kids themselves are so hard to deal with. What we do not understand is that our jobs may be hard, but they are nothing compared to the lives our students live each and every day. Poverty is a vicious cycle that repeats itself because of the culture involved. You only know what you see every day from your parents and schools. Dropping out is not only normal, in many cases it is expected of disadvantaged students. This is hard for many middle class citizens to grasp but it is because of their lack of culture of their lives. Poverty is a cycle that will only be overcome through education. The problem is keeping underprivileged and minority students in urban schools enrolled long enough to see the fruits of what education has to offer. This is the challenge that NCLB was hoping to bring to the surface. Success is measured in small gains. Many smal l gains can be perceived as accomplishments, and many accomplishments can then be viewed as success. A journey of 1,000 miles begins with a single step. Making that first step is always the hardest. We have made it, now it is time to start making a difference. Figure 1 Figure 2

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Same-sex Marriage is Inevitable Essa

Same-sex Marriage is Inevitable      Ã‚  Ã‚   For many parents, the marriage of their child is a very happy and proud time. Most parents expect their children to get married and have children. But what if their child is gay or lesbian? Their child may have met the perfect person to spend their life with, but their child cannot get legally married. Same-sex couples can hold wedding ceremonies, but the law does not recognize these unions. Many heterosexuals take for granted the benefits that are extended to their spouse by way of legal marriage. These benefits do not extend to homosexual couples, because there is not a law that recognizes same-sex marriage. Gay marriage is not legal because of state and federal laws, as well as the traditional views of the American public.    There are many state laws that prevent gay marriage. An interesting background to the gay marriage issue is the issue of interracial marriage. In 1967, the state of Virginia had the case, Loving v. Virginia, go to the US Supreme Court that dealt with interracial marriage. The ruling in this case entailed that Virginia's prohibition of different-race marriage was a violation of both the equal protection and due process clauses. Why not the same for gay marriage? Furthermore, many states have sodomy statutes. While most sodomy laws apply to both heterosexuals and gay people, they are primarily used to deny lesbians and gay men a range of other rights. Sodomy laws were once on the books in all fifty states, but they have been repealed or struck down by courts in over half the states. In Texas, heterosexual sodomy laws have been repealed in recent years, but same-sex sodomy laws remain. (Bull 39,44) Sodomy is defined in most places as oral and anal intercours... ... looks back at the ridiculousness of sex and race-based discrimination.    Works Cited   Bull, Chris. Scene of the Crime. The Advocate. October 27, 1998. Cloud, John. For Better or Worse. Time Magazine. October 26, 1998. page 43. Eskridge, William N., Jr. The Case for Same-Sex Marriage. New York: The Free Press, 1996. Foley, Daniel R. The State of Gay Marriage. Family Advocate v20 n1 p39. Summer 1997 Kramer, Larry.Same-sex marriage, conflict of laws, and the unconstitutional public policy exception. Yale Law Journal. May 1997, v.106, n7, 1965-2008 Strasser, Mark. Legally Wed. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1997. pp. 50-52 United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Committee on the Judiciary. Defense of Marriage Act : report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3396).U.S. DOCS. NO. Y 1.1/8:104-664      

A Passing of the Torch; Europe from 1500-1800

A Passing of the Torch; Europe from 1500-1800 When you step back and observe history from afar you’re missing part of the story. Observing the rise of Europe, you cannot simply take into account it happened. To understand the past you need to look into past, in documents and first-hand accounts to observe the underlining issues. To best explain the major shift in energy from the Indian Ocean Basin to the North Atlantic in 1500 to 1800 you have to observe the world and the people in context. Europe is an underdog to rise to the top.Having just experiencing the worst of the Black Death wiping out a majority of its populations, a tragedy in all senses, turned into a blessing. It sparked the scientific revolution; inspiring the Europeans to shift their views towards knowledge and discovery (Reilly, 434) . Sprinting ahead, Europe took the world by surprise. With their footing in a ‘new world’ the opportunities were endless. Exhausting their colonies at its full potenti al, with the cash crop, sugar they were able to revolutionize commerce into a representative model of modern trade.The Europeans weren’t the only ones making radical changes in the era. The Confucian Scholars were forcing Chinese to push inward and were eliminating commerce (Kristof, 551). Shifting of energy from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean; Europe gained power in the era through two main triggers, the scientific revolution and the developments of the sugar plantations in the new world. To better understand what’s happening with Europe in the 1500’s and later you need to also look back at the past and see where they have been and the events leading up to the beginning of a new era in European success and discovery.When you examine Europe today they are one of the world’s leaders, less than a thousand years ago the now prominent country was spiraling down, on the brink of demise. In the mid-fourteenth century the Bubonic Plague, also known as th e Black Death, originated somewhere in Asia and progressively spread though out Europe, the Near East and North Africa. Without doubt it became the greatest health disaster to date; mass graves were being dug to compensate for the dead. The Plague spread like wildfire wiping out an estimated one-fourth to one-third of the population (Reilly, 436).With no known source of treatment available or why the disease was spreading the Europeans turned to what they knew best, Religion. The Christian consensus was that God had bestowed the plague as a devastating judgment with the meaning of punishing the inflicted for his sins. People tried anything to avoid their seeming inevitable deaths, from walking around with incense to mask the wreaking stench of death, fleeing from their homes to find unaffiliated areas, or most commonly turning to God. The priest with the duty of serving the people, considered holy and without sin, were the main care takers of the stricken.Unsurprisingly, they too ne eded to be cared for, for they as well, contracted the disease joining their following to the death beds. We know today that the Black Death was not a punishment from god, but at the time, they had only to believe what the church told them (Reilly, 460). As priest died alongside the commoners their belief system was shattered. It was common of the time to believe what the church had told them and take it as true. For instance the church stated that the earth was the center of the universe, and it was heresy to state otherwise.With the church being proven wrong, people began to look outward for new knowledge. â€Å"Without visiting a deep ravine, one cannot understand how deep the earth is†¦ ,† just like Emperor Taizong said Europe began looking at the world to discover the truths; what is now known as the Scientific Revolution and the beginning of their restoration. Today, it is impossible to think about Modern Times and the way we live without thinking about science. We have pushed the scientific front to our limits, and now reap the benefits, from cars, phones, to healthcare. The scientific revolution truly lives up to its name.It truly was revolutionary, the standard of knowledge in the Modern world. The revolution can be traced back to Europe in a dispirit search for new understanding. Looking outward for answers from other countries such as the Muslim world and China, who already had beginnings of scientific thought, a sense of discovery and development; inspired the Europeans. In the year 1492, sailing in search of new discovery, specifically a new trade route to China, Columbus had stumbled on a seemingly endless supply of natural resources, land, and opportunity. It was called America.Entirely changing the way the ancient Greeks had depicted the world, helping enlighten the people that common knowledge was wrong (Goldstone 715-716). The Scientific Revolution and the desire to reach for new understanding that came with it pushed the European s. Now doubting all they had been taught before tested the fabrics of their society, the discovery of America was the most significant aspect of the shift of energy into the Atlantic Ocean. This was exactly what Europe needed. Now having the mass amounts of resources, to utilize the discovery they required manpower.Slaves were the perfect tool for procuring the workforces they required. Where better to look than Africa? Packed with able bodied men, the African tribes lacking in the ability to retaliate, found their freedom relinquished; crammed into unsanitary, overcrowded slave ships (Mintz, 47). Martinique, a sugar plantation located on the island Lesser Antilles located in the Caribbean Sea, is an example of where they could have landed (Martinique, 628). In the drawing, Field Gang, you can see the sugar plantation, a large field being worked by a multitude of black workers and one controlling master watching over them, the multitude of slaves.To compensate for the disparity in t he work force, the plantation owners had revolutionized the process in which they operated their plantations. Specialized tasks were given to each worker to increase efficiency. This specialization resembled the earliest forms of assembly line. However, instead of the machines we have today, they had an agro energy focus. This means that the plantations shifted toward the use of human energy over the use of machinery (In Class).Unknowingly the systems used on plantations translated directly to the factories which began to pop up in the urban cities. At the end of the Black Death, Europe was a country in chaotic state. They were looking for a change and this desire paved the way. With a lack of populous, the lords of the current system, serfdom collapsed with little to no one to work the fields. Unlike their competitors Europe moved into the cities in search of opportunity (In Class). Drawing from their experiences in the sugar plantation, and the slave trade the Europeans became the frontier in production.Springing up in the industrial cities, factories played a large part of the shifting of energy to Europe, with them, goods and services could be provided with a significantly lower cost and at more efficient rates. This without a doubt gave them an edge over the competition. With the coming times, Europe in the sense of the world scope began to break into the picture. The Transatlantic Trade, shipping of goods between Europe and its colonies, set the stage for the shift of energy to the Atlantic Ocean. Allowed access to the resources in the ‘New World’ causality benefited the colonizers with the cheapest production of desirables.It also set for a sense of manifest destiny for the country (In Class). In conclusion this marked the beginnings of modern society developing. The question of the era is why Europe? A country stricken by plague, the collapse of feudalism, and lacking in internal stability in the form of natural resources or people; happen s to be the perfect candidate. The desire for knowledge and their desire to look outward fit the bill perfectly. To make the circumstances even more perfect China lost its edge in the commerce propelling Europe ahead.David Christian writes in his essay World History in Context â€Å"One of the aims of world history is to see the history of human beings as a single, coherent story, rather than as a collection of the particular stories of different communities. † When looking at the rise of Europe as a superpower in the world, you can’t focus on the singular efforts and happenings of Europe. The rest of the world had an influence on the future. The shift in energy wasn’t only accountable to the success of Europe, notably looking at China you can see the ties between the two. For Centuries China had been a leader in commerce and trade.They assembled the largest fleet known to date consisting of over 3500 ships which had the capabilities to sail across the Pacific e nabling the most secure and cost efficient form of trade. The Merchants of this era were prospering but all good things have to come to an end. After the death of the Yongle Empire in 1424, a struggle for power out broke internally. Under suspicious circumstances the successor to the empire who was selected to rule the country died. The Confusion Scholars ceased control of the country introducing new policy and deep-rooted idealisms of their ancestors.Trying to turn the focus of the country inward by 1500 they dissembled the entire fleet, destroyed the records, and made it illegal for any ship to be constructed with more than two masts. By 1525 any ocean going ship had to be destroyed. Along with the disappearance of a great Chinese fleet the ports in India, it marked one of history’s biggest lost opportunities. Without the ability of merchants to export their goods, they fell from their former glory. To add burden to this the Scholars viewed them as â€Å"necessary evils at best† (Kristoff, 555-556).Also their country already vastly spread out over thousands of miles of land, contained almost all the necessary natural resources to self-sustain itself and found no need to search elsewhere for goods. Europe on the other hand, lacked in many natural resources, which cause the need for colonization and expansion of their limits. China’s unwillingness to become a global market, unlike Europe, hurt their chances of being at the top of the era (In Class). Instigating the shift in power during the era in question, the scientific revolution and developments made in the New World, lead to a drastic change in history.Imagine if Europe had not been affected by the Bubonic Plague. We might never have explored outwards to the Americas leaving the Native population to expand. It serves evidence to the fact that changing parts of the past would alter the future. If it wasn’t for the fact that Europe had rose to power. It is not irrational to assum e many of the discoveries made in this time would differ. We live in the world we do today, because the shift in energy brought about from the scientific revolution and the developments with the sugar plantations, lead to the passing of the torch from China to Europe.

Paints essays

Paints essays I Kayla J. R, am writing you, the National American International Livestock Exposition in order to attempt to persuade you to include our personal favorite breed of horse into your Exposition. This is our reasoning: The different patterns and the different colors will give a larger variety of choices for the judges. The different patterns may even have their own categories. Each and every paint has its own little history and own attitudes. Not only that, but they have a very pretty body type with obvious muscles. If you add them to your show, they need not have the World Championship Paint Horse Show, resulting in more money left over for the horses real needs such as food, tack, water and supplements. Read on to learn some great information on the Paint Breed. In 1519 a Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes sailed to North America with some conquistadors and horses only to leave behind a great legacy-which was the bloodstock that would provide the foundation for a variety of different, distinct, American-bred horses. A Spanish historian Diaz del Castillo who traveled with the entire expedition says that one of the sixteen war horses that carried Cortes and his men was a sorrel and white horse with spots on its belly. That spotted horse soon bred with Native American mustangs and laid the foundation for what is known today as the American paint horse breed. Near the early 1800s, the western plains were heavily populated with free-ranging herds of horses. These herds included a peculiar spotted horse. The spotted, flashy horses soon became a favorite mount of the American Indians because of the color and performance. The Comanche Indians, also known as the finest horsemen on the plains, favored the different colored horses and had a lot among their huge herds. The favoritism is exhibited in evidence by drawings of spotted horses on the painted buffalo robes that served as records for the Comanches. During the 180...

Pro and Con of Nuclear Power essays

Pro and Con of Nuclear Power essays Nuclear Power has produced more controversy than any other energy technology. Because nuclear reactors are fueled by, and produce highly radioactive material, the risks they pose are more apparent. Two major accidents, at Three Mile Island in 1979 and at Chernobyl in 1986, have increased public concern about nuclear power safety. (1) The most evident argument for Pro Nuclear Power deals with economics. Nuclear power plants have saved billions of dollars. Throughout the world, nuclear power has made us less dependent on oil and fuel. America's 103 nuclear power plants provide 20 percent of our electricity in a manner that produces no harmful air pollution. (2) Energy shortages hare becoming a bigger problem all around the country. Without these nuclear power plants the cost of electricity would increase greatly. Some countries even rely on no more than nuclear power. We would also decrease the amount of pollution considerably, which is always helpful, because of the problems we face with it. Another supporting argument would be waste can be stored in isolated areas underground where it will cause no harm to the environment, and can be removed later after Radioactivity has gone down. (2) There is also less waste produced by nuclear power than there is by the burning of fossil fuels. There is enough available Uranium to run the current nuclear power plants for well over 100 years, and other types of nuclear fuel to use well beyond that. (3) On the other hand, there are also many downfalls to using nuclear power. Even with the energy problems we have to face there are safer ways of dealing with this problem. Nuclear plants are on the average only 75% to 80% reliable. (4) The cost to run the nuclear power plants is also rising, and that doesnt even include all the money the government is spending on research. The waste produced has to b ...

Film Genre Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Genre Analysis - Essay Example Horror films are meant to create some negative emotions like fear, shock and tension among the audience or viewers. This discourse is about genre analysis of Near Dark, produced by Kathryn Bigelow, in 1987. Horror films incorporate various aspects beyond human imaginations to inflict some sort of fantasy, supernaturalism and the thrilling effects among others. Majority of horror films incorporates the evil and scary scenes through ghosts, serial killers, ogres, zombies, demons, aliens and cannibals among others. This film genre is however restricted to adults above the age of 18 or 21, who can deal with their fears or nightmares without compromising their social and spiritual lives (Wilkins, 2009). Horror films have various influences in the society. It is one of the most selling or marketable genre after sci-fi and animations. The horror films are the opposite of the old movies where the main theme was to satisfy men’s desires. The horror movies incorporate both men and women 's roles in the society and thus are good attribute to gender equality. Women are also the main audience and actors, or the main contributor to the ideas behind the horror films. The majority of female horror films usually begins as a vulnerable scared being to who develop to be strong and confident as the films come to an end. This has really impacted confidence and the strength to endure life frustrations among several women and men facing some sort of difficulties (Plaisance, 2008). Horror films also include the elements of motherhood, pregnancy and lesbianism to attract more female audience. However, it is being revealed that the evil and scary scenes in the horror films have compromised the spiritual and social lives among several audiences. For instance, the Christian clergies have lamented that the movies inflict fear and social withdrawals among teenagers. They also lament that movies based on Halloween celebrations are not in accordance with the Biblical teachings, but some sort of an evil cult. Some social and psychological studies indicate that a pregnant woman could miscarry when shocked or frightened by the evil and scary scenes in the horror films. The films also kill the sense of humanity in frequent audiences, for instance, Children who watch horror films are likely to adopt some criminal minds when they become of age. This is because their humanity and affection is replaced with anger, terror and revenge among other undesirable characters. Near Dark is a horror movie produced in 1987, directed by Kathryn Bigelow but produced by Steven-Charles Jaffe. It was written by Eric Red alongside Kathryn Bigelow. Its main actors and actresses are Adrian Pasder, Jenny Wright, Lance Henriksen, Jenette Goldstein and Bill Paxton. Its music and cinematography was done by Tangerine Dream and Adam Greenberg respectively. The 95 minute movie was based in the United States, and the entire script is in English. Near Dark is about a young man who tries to choose be tween the normal human family life and the vampire family. The main struggle is attributed by the fact that each choice has its consequences. In 1980, there was need to revive the vampire movies and Near Dark was one of the releases. The movie begins with Caleb Colton (Adrian Pasdar) meeting a young beautiful woman Mae (Jenny Wright). This happens before the morning sun appears. Mae bites Colton’s neck before running away. The sun rises and Colton realizes his body system is not the same anymore, his flesh burns when exposed to

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 53

Essay Example As the president of America, it was the duty of Nixon to justify this war to calm down the sentiments of the people. The major problem addressed in this speech by Nixon was the growing protests against Vietnam War in America which is evident from the following words. I believe that one of the reasons for the deep division about Vietnam is that many Americans have lost confidence in what their Government has told them about our policy. The American people cannot and should not be asked to support a policy which involves the overriding issues of war and peace unless they know the truth about that policy (Nixon). Nixon wanted to eradicate the rumours and controversies spreading about this war among the Americans. Nixon realised that a government in a democratic country needs to work in line with the interests of the people. In other words, in democratic countries like America, the ultimate power lies in the hands of the people since the people elect the government. Nixon used Ethos, Pathos, Logos, and Mythos extensively throughout this speech. Ethos or the character of Nixon is evident from the following words; â€Å"For the United States this first defeat in our nation’s history would result in a collapse of confidence in American leadership not only in Asia but throughout the world† (Nixon). Nixon was not ready to accept defeat in Vietnam. He was of the view that America’s inability to eradicate communism from Vietnam may perceive as a weakness of America by the external world. Pathos is the emotional persuasion. â€Å"After all, we became involved in the war while my predecessor was in office. I could blame the defeat, which would be the result of my action, on him -- and come out as the peacemaker† (Nixon). Nixon was ready to accept the responsibilities of this war which is evident from the words mentioned above. He reminds the public that it was easy for him to spread his image as a peacemaker by staying away